Classification and application of composite materials for vehicles

With the development of science and technology, non-metallic materials with the advantages of light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance and easy synthesis are more and more replaced by traditional metal materials, and have been applied in automobiles. Among them, automotive composite materials have received more and more attention and application in the automotive industry, and have certain market development prospects.

Automotive composite materials can be divided into short fiber reinforced composite materials, continuous fiber reinforced composite materials and sheet reinforced composite materials according to the type of reinforcement.

1. Short fiber reinforced composite material: generally refers to a composite material formed by a chopped fiber of 20 mm or less as a reinforcement. The fibers are randomly distributed in the resin matrix, and the reinforcing effect is poor, but the manufacturing cost is relatively low.

2. Continuous fiber reinforced composite material: a composite material comprising a long fiber of 20 mm or more, a tow, a nonwoven fabric , a two-dimensional braid, a multi-directional braid, and the like without a resin composite. Among them, non-woven fabrics, two-dimensional woven fabrics, multi-directional woven fabrics, etc., because the fabric itself has a skeleton structure, it is necessary to consider the wettability of the resin when it is not resin-bonded, and is generally used for making a car roof. Long fibers and tows have been widely used as reinforcement materials because of their good reinforcement and toughening effects. However, due to the long fiber length, the process of fiber distribution and straightening state without resin recombination is difficult to control, and the manufacturing cost is high. At present, composite materials with long glass fiber and carbon fiber as reinforcements have applications in many parts such as outer cover parts and chassis, in addition to traditional interior parts.

Third, the sheet reinforced composite material: the sheet reinforced composite material is mainly composed of paper, mica sheet and glass flakes and the matrix material, and the reinforcing effect is between fiber reinforcement and particle reinforcement. Composite materials are widely used in the automotive industry due to their high specific strength, fatigue resistance and vibration damping, high temperature resistance and easy molding. In the automotive industry, composite materials are widely used in body panels, lamp housings, front and rear guards, bumpers, and seat blocks. Design and manufacture of components such as chair frames and drive shafts.